The author presents a modification of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the form of so-called schema therapy, developed in the 1990s, and its application in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder in criminal settings. The aim of schema therapy intended for detention patients with antisocial personality structure is to reduce early maladaptive schemas, which are responsible for psychological risk factors for crime and violence, as well as to build healthier coping strategies and extend protective factors. The effectiveness of schema therapy has been partially confirmed empirically. The article briefly describes the characteristics of patients with antisocial personality disorder. Possible therapeutic and corrective interventions that can reduce social criminal harm in this group of patients are presented. The basic assumptions of schema therapy, namely limited reparenting and empathic confrontation, are highlighted. The schema modes used in therapy, the process of building the therapeutic relationship and trust, and the skilful setting of boundaries are described. Differences and some modifications of schema therapy in this group are pointed out, and specific techniques and working tools are provided, with an outline of some relevant issues, recommendations and limitations.