Perinatal mood disorders are a common phenomenon among young mothers: postpartum depression affects about 13-20% of women, prenatal depression occurs even in 19% of pregnant women. However, in Poland, there are no systemic solutions regarding screening, diagnosis, and treatment of patients suffering from postnatal depression. From 2019, new standards of perinatal care are introduced to Poland, imposing the obligation to monitor the mental state during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health is launching a nationwide program for the prevention of postnatal depression which will include, among others, screening tests and free diagnostic consultations. After the introduction of the screening system, the question arises: what treatment should be offered to women with the diagnosis of postnatal depression? Understanding postnatal depression as a phenomenon of complex etiology, including biological and social factors, to answer this question, we will devote special attention to the psychological dimension. Based on the theoretical background, research results, and our own experience, we formulate practical guidelines for the implementation of short-term, early psychological interventions. We also present examples of the application of our guidelines in practice.