A borderline personality disorder is a serious, chronic mental health problem with a severe course, associated with multiple negative consequences. Its prevalence in the general population is estimated between 1,6 and 5,9%, and multiplies among psychiatric patients. This disorder is characterized by a disturbed, unstable image of oneself, one's goals and preferences, impaired impulse control, emotional dysregulation, repeated self-injury, chronic suicidal tendencies, and recurrent difficulties with interpersonal relationships. Given these characteristics, implementing effective therapeutic interventions is a challenge for clinicians. Until recently, there seemed to be a widespread view that there was no effective therapy that could ensure long-term improvement of the psychological functioning of patients with this diagnosis. Research conducted over the past three decades has provided new theoretical concepts, laying the foundation for therapeutic interventions of empirically proven effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to present the role that cognitive-behavioral therapy plays in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. It briefly presents three conceptualizations of borderline personality and reviews the current literature on the effectiveness of therapeutic protocols based on these theoretical models.