Summary Over the past decades, we have been seeing new trends of emerging cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy (CBT), which fall into the third or even fourth wave. The field of psychotherapy is undoubtedly developing dynamically. This article draws attention to the existing CBT directions, placing the main emphasis on positive cognitive-behavioural therapy (P-CBT). In this new approach (also called the fourth wave), the focus is shifted from psychopathology to the strengths and resources of the client. From understanding the mechanisms of cognitive-behavioural dysfunction we move to focusing on the processes of formation of functional beliefs. Analysing the problem is not the main reference point – its place is taken by goal analysis. In addition to the “down arrow” technique, “up arrow” appears. The article also describes elements of P-CBT such as therapeutic relationship, conceptualization, goal analysis, own observations, change of cognitive processes, change of behaviour, change of emotions, homework, and feedback. The second part of the article shows one of the first studies comparing classical cognitive-behavioural therapy with P-CBT, the latter of which is currently being studied at the University of Maastricht. The authors of the research are: Nicole Geschwind, Emke Bosgraff, Fredrike Bannink, and Frenk Peters. The study was conducted among patients diagnosed with depressive disorder. The article presents the methods of the study and its results.