The aim of the article is to show the determinants of online psychotherapy in the context of contemporary research in the field of media psychology, cyber psychology, and communication. It draws attention to the possibilities and limitations of this form of psychotherapy, based on miniaturized electronic communication, virtual environment, friendly interfaces, and artificial intelligence. An important role in the effectiveness of this form of psychotherapy is also played by the attitudes, experience, and biological age of therapists and the level of their media and digital competence. In relation to clients/patients, it is also important to have experience with the network's environment and the type of expectations that they associate with this form of psychological and psychotherapeutic services. These phenomena are the aftermath of civilization changes related to the dynamic development of digital media (interactive, hypertext, virtual) that enable online communication in real time. Attributes of contemporary media civilization also influence the forms and strategies of therapeutic interactions and the expectations of clients/patients. Describing the specificity of electronic communication in psychotherapy, the author of the article also used references to media archeology. This made it possible to show in a synthetic summary the predecessor of „online psychotherapy” that influenced contemporary forms of media communication, present in psychological therapy.